Recent Advances in Synergy Among SNARE Proteins and Multi-Subunit Tethering Complexes (MTCs) in Vesicle Trafficking and Plant Development

Plants comprise an expanded endomembrane system, and transport within the network requires well-organized accurate vesicle transport. Tethering complexes facilitate early, exact contact among donor acceptor membranes, operate to bring vesicles into a closer proximity for trans-SNARE complex assembly docking; these are classified as either long coiled-coil proteins or multi-subunit tethering (MTCs). Numerous MTCs that function at different membrane trafficking steps have been recognized, where they significant interfaces between SNARE proteins, Rabs, phosphoinositides. assemble catalyze fusion target membrane. Studies of diverse provided further valuable information about vacuole biogenesis vacuolar pathways related cell-type specificity, plant development, growth, developed specific traffic route overcome environmental stress.  In conclusion, tethers' selective recruitment during is controlled via small GTPases, such those in RAB family. The promote by direct interactions MTC subunits with Q-SNAREs. A subset exploits structurally similar CATCHR domains mediate inter-subunit well protein interactions. subdivided (complexes associated containing helical rods: Dsl1, COG, GARP, EARP, exocyst) non‐CATCHR (TRAPP I, II III, HOPS CORVET) based on structure their subunits. This review summarized new complexes, highlight insights function, discuss current debates future perspectives.